Table of Contents
Transformation of Sentence English grammar-এর সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি টপিক। বিশেষ করে Affirmative to Negative এবং Negative to Affirmative পরিবর্তন SSC, HSC, Degree ও Honours পরীক্ষায় বারবার আসে।
এই পোস্টে আমরা Transformation of Sentence-এর সকল rules, shortcut techniques, structure, এবং 250+ examples (ব্যতিক্রমী নিয়ম ও ব্যাখ্যাসহ) একদম সহজ ভাষায় শিখবো। আপনি যদি এই একটি গাইড ভালো করে পড়েন, তবে গ্রামারের এই অংশে আপনার আর কোনো সমস্যা থাকবে না।
What is Transformation of Sentence?
Transformation of sentence is the process of changing the form of a sentence without changing its original meaning. (অর্থের কোনো পরিবর্তন না করে বাক্যের গঠন পরিবর্তন করাকেই Transformation of Sentence বলে।)
Sentence Transformation Shortcuts
পুরো চ্যাপ্টারটি সহজে মনে রাখার জন্য নিচের শর্টকাট টেবিলটি মুখস্থ করে ফেলুন। এটি পরীক্ষার আগের রাতে রিভিশন দিতে দারুণ কাজ করবে।
| Affirmative Word | Negative Word (যা পরিবর্তন হয়ে বসবে) |
|---|---|
| Only / Alone (ব্যক্তি বুঝালে) | None but |
| Only (বস্তু বুঝালে) | Nothing but |
| Only (বয়স বা সংখ্যা বুঝালে) | Not more than / Not less than |
| Must / Have to / Has to | Cannot but + V1 বা Cannot help + V-ing |
| Had to (অতীত কাল) | Could not but + V1 বা Could not help + V-ing |
| Every + Noun | There is no + (Noun) + but |
| As soon as | No sooner had … than |
| Always | Never + (বিপরীত শব্দ) |
| Sometimes | Not always |
| Both … and / And | Not only … but also |
| Too … to | So … that + Sub + cannot/could not + V1 |
| As … as | Not less … than |
| Many | Not a few |
| A few | Not many |
| Much | Not a little |
| A little | Not much |
Rules of Affirmative to Negative
নিচে Affirmative to Negative Examples সহ বিস্তারিত নিয়ম দেওয়া হলো। বেসিক থেকে অ্যাডভান্স সব লেভেলের উদাহরণ (বিশেষ করে শেষের ১০টি কঠিন ও ব্যতিক্রমী উদাহরণের ব্যাখ্যাসহ) এখানে পাবেন।
Rule 1: Only / Alone
নিয়ম: Affirmative to Negative করার সময় “Only” বা “Alone” ব্যক্তি বুঝালে “None but” বসে। বস্তু বুঝালে “Nothing but” এবং বয়স/সংখ্যা বুঝালে “Not more than” বসে।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: Only Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
Neg: None but Allah can help us.
2. Aff: He likes only sweets.
Neg: He likes nothing but sweets.
Neg: He likes nothing but sweets.
3. Aff: She is only ten.
Neg: She is not more than ten.
Neg: She is not more than ten.
4. Aff: Only Raju was present.
Neg: None but Raju was present.
Neg: None but Raju was present.
5. Aff: I have only one pen.
Neg: I have not more than one pen.
Neg: I have not more than one pen.
6. Aff: Only a fool can do this.
Neg: None but a fool can do this.
Neg: None but a fool can do this.
7. Aff: The baby wants only milk.
Neg: The baby wants nothing but milk.
Neg: The baby wants nothing but milk.
8. Aff: They need only 500 taka.
Neg: They need not more than 500 taka.
Neg: They need not more than 500 taka.
9. Aff: Only graduates can apply for this job.
Neg: None but graduates can apply for this job.
Neg: None but graduates can apply for this job.
10. Aff: Only the moon was visible.
Neg: Nothing but the moon was visible.
Neg: Nothing but the moon was visible.
11. Aff: He solved only two problems.
Neg: He solved not more than two problems.
Neg: He solved not more than two problems.
12. Aff: I love only you.
Neg: I love none but you.
Neg: I love none but you.
13. Aff: The man eats only vegetables.
Neg: The man eats nothing but vegetables.
Neg: The man eats nothing but vegetables.
14. Aff: She bought only a few books.
Neg: She bought nothing but a few books.
Neg: She bought nothing but a few books.
15. Aff: Only hard-working students succeed.
Neg: None but hard-working students succeed.
Neg: None but hard-working students succeed.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: The brave alone deserve the fair.
Neg: None but the brave deserve the fair.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Alone বাক্যের মাঝে থাকলেও None but বাক্যের শুরুতেই বসবে, কারণ এটি The brave বা ব্যক্তিকে মডিফাই করছে।)
Neg: None but the brave deserve the fair.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Alone বাক্যের মাঝে থাকলেও None but বাক্যের শুরুতেই বসবে, কারণ এটি The brave বা ব্যক্তিকে মডিফাই করছে।)
17. Aff: Science alone can explain this.
Neg: Nothing but science can explain this.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Science বস্তুবাচক ধারণা, তাই Nothing but বসেছে।)
Neg: Nothing but science can explain this.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Science বস্তুবাচক ধারণা, তাই Nothing but বসেছে।)
18. Aff: He is alone responsible for this.
Neg: None but he is responsible for this.
(ব্যাখ্যা: alone এখানে he কে নির্দেশ করছে, তাই none but বাক্যের শুরুতে বসেছে।)
Neg: None but he is responsible for this.
(ব্যাখ্যা: alone এখানে he কে নির্দেশ করছে, তাই none but বাক্যের শুরুতে বসেছে।)
19. Aff: A scholar alone can solve this riddle.
Neg: None but a scholar can solve this riddle.
Neg: None but a scholar can solve this riddle.
20. Aff: I have to walk only two miles.
Neg: I have to walk not more than two miles.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Two miles দূরত্ব বা সংখ্যা বুঝাচ্ছে, তাই not more than.)
Neg: I have to walk not more than two miles.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Two miles দূরত্ব বা সংখ্যা বুঝাচ্ছে, তাই not more than.)
21. Aff: Only blood can wash away this stain.
Neg: Nothing but blood can wash away this stain.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Blood বস্তু/পদার্থ, তাই nothing but.)
Neg: Nothing but blood can wash away this stain.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Blood বস্তু/পদার্থ, তাই nothing but.)
22. Aff: Nature alone can heal him.
Neg: Nothing but nature can heal him.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Nature বস্তুবাচক ধরা হয়।)
Neg: Nothing but nature can heal him.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Nature বস্তুবাচক ধরা হয়।)
23. Aff: Only a mother knows the pain.
Neg: None but a mother knows the pain.
Neg: None but a mother knows the pain.
24. Aff: The ticket costs only a dollar.
Neg: The ticket costs not more than a dollar.
(ব্যাখ্যা: A dollar মানে 1 dollar বা সংখ্যা।)
Neg: The ticket costs not more than a dollar.
(ব্যাখ্যা: A dollar মানে 1 dollar বা সংখ্যা।)
25. Aff: I met him only yesterday.
Neg: I met him no earlier than yesterday.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: এখানে Only দ্বারা সময় বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই None but/Nothing but না বসে no earlier/other than বসেছে।)
Neg: I met him no earlier than yesterday.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: এখানে Only দ্বারা সময় বোঝানো হয়েছে, তাই None but/Nothing but না বসে no earlier/other than বসেছে।)
Rule 2: Must / Have to / Has to / Had to
নিয়ম: বাক্যে Must, have to, বা has to থাকলে Negative করার সময় cannot but + V1 বসে। অতীতকাল (had to) থাকলে could not but + V1 বসবে। (চাইলে cannot help + V-ing ও ব্যবহার করা যায়)।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: We must obey our parents.
Neg: We cannot but obey our parents.
Neg: We cannot but obey our parents.
2. Aff: You must read the book.
Neg: You cannot but read the book.
Neg: You cannot but read the book.
3. Aff: I have to go there.
Neg: I cannot but go there.
Neg: I cannot but go there.
4. Aff: He has to do it.
Neg: He cannot but do it.
Neg: He cannot but do it.
5. Aff: We had to leave the place.
Neg: We could not but leave the place.
Neg: We could not but leave the place.
6. Aff: Students must wear uniforms.
Neg: Students cannot help wearing uniforms.
Neg: Students cannot help wearing uniforms.
7. Aff: You have to complete the assignment.
Neg: You cannot but complete the assignment.
Neg: You cannot but complete the assignment.
8. Aff: She must admit her fault.
Neg: She cannot but admit her fault.
Neg: She cannot but admit her fault.
9. Aff: They had to surrender.
Neg: They could not help surrendering.
Neg: They could not help surrendering.
10. Aff: Everyone must die one day.
Neg: Everyone cannot but die one day.
Neg: Everyone cannot but die one day.
11. Aff: I must support my family.
Neg: I cannot but support my family.
Neg: I cannot but support my family.
12. Aff: He had to accept the proposal.
Neg: He could not but accept the proposal.
Neg: He could not but accept the proposal.
13. Aff: We must respect our teachers.
Neg: We cannot help respecting our teachers.
Neg: We cannot help respecting our teachers.
14. Aff: A mother must love her child.
Neg: A mother cannot but love her child.
Neg: A mother cannot but love her child.
15. Aff: You must attend the meeting.
Neg: You cannot but attend the meeting.
Neg: You cannot but attend the meeting.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: Man must submit to destiny.
Neg: Man cannot but submit to destiny.
Neg: Man cannot but submit to destiny.
17. Aff: I need to talk to him.
Neg: I cannot but talk to him.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Need to থাকলেও বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝায়, তাই cannot but বসে।)
Neg: I cannot but talk to him.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Need to থাকলেও বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝায়, তাই cannot but বসে।)
18. Aff: She was forced to leave.
Neg: She could not but leave.
(ব্যাখ্যা: forced to বা বাধ্য করা হলে অতীতকালের জন্য could not but বসে।)
Neg: She could not but leave.
(ব্যাখ্যা: forced to বা বাধ্য করা হলে অতীতকালের জন্য could not but বসে।)
19. Aff: We are bound to follow the rules.
Neg: We cannot but follow the rules.
(ব্যাখ্যা: bound to (বাধ্য) থাকলে must এর নিয়মেই negative হয়।)
Neg: We cannot but follow the rules.
(ব্যাখ্যা: bound to (বাধ্য) থাকলে must এর নিয়মেই negative হয়।)
20. Aff: They inevitably face challenges.
Neg: They cannot but face challenges.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: inevitably (অনিবার্যভাবে) দ্বারা must এর অর্থ প্রকাশ পায়, তাই cannot but বসে।)
Neg: They cannot but face challenges.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: inevitably (অনিবার্যভাবে) দ্বারা must এর অর্থ প্রকাশ পায়, তাই cannot but বসে।)
21. Aff: He must be crazy to do this.
Neg: He cannot be anything but crazy to do this.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: Be verb এর পর Adjective থাকলে cannot be anything but বসানো শ্রুতিমধুর।)
Neg: He cannot be anything but crazy to do this.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: Be verb এর পর Adjective থাকলে cannot be anything but বসানো শ্রুতিমধুর।)
22. Aff: You must keep your word.
Neg: You cannot help keeping your word.
Neg: You cannot help keeping your word.
23. Aff: I had to cry to see his condition.
Neg: I could not help crying to see his condition.
Neg: I could not help crying to see his condition.
24. Aff: It is essential that you go.
Neg: You cannot but go.
(ব্যাখ্যা: essential মানে বাধ্যতামূলক, তাই must এর নিয়ম।)
Neg: You cannot but go.
(ব্যাখ্যা: essential মানে বাধ্যতামূলক, তাই must এর নিয়ম।)
25. Aff: We must face the reality.
Neg: We cannot avoid facing the reality.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: cannot but এর বদলে cannot avoid + V-ing বসালেও অর্থ ঠিক থাকে।)
Neg: We cannot avoid facing the reality.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: cannot but এর বদলে cannot avoid + V-ing বসালেও অর্থ ঠিক থাকে।)
Rule 3: Every / All
নিয়ম: বাক্যের শুরুতে Every থাকলে There is no + (Noun) + but বসে।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
Neg: There is no mother but loves her child.
2. Aff: Every man wishes to be happy.
Neg: There is no man but wishes to be happy.
Neg: There is no man but wishes to be happy.
3. Aff: Everybody knows this.
Neg: There is nobody but knows this.
Neg: There is nobody but knows this.
4. Aff: Every student attended the class.
Neg: There was no student but attended the class.
Neg: There was no student but attended the class.
5. Aff: All men are mortal.
Neg: There is no man but is mortal.
Neg: There is no man but is mortal.
6. Aff: Every rose has a thorn.
Neg: There is no rose but has a thorn.
Neg: There is no rose but has a thorn.
7. Aff: Every cloud has a silver lining.
Neg: There is no cloud but has a silver lining.
Neg: There is no cloud but has a silver lining.
8. Aff: Everyone hates a liar.
Neg: There is no one who does not hate a liar.
Neg: There is no one who does not hate a liar.
9. Aff: Every citizen must obey the law.
Neg: There is no citizen but must obey the law.
Neg: There is no citizen but must obey the law.
10. Aff: Every action has an equal reaction.
Neg: There is no action but has an equal reaction.
Neg: There is no action but has an equal reaction.
11. Aff: All must submit to death.
Neg: There is none but must submit to death.
Neg: There is none but must submit to death.
12. Aff: Every patriot loves his country.
Neg: There is no patriot but loves his country.
Neg: There is no patriot but loves his country.
13. Aff: Everyone wants peace.
Neg: There is no one but wants peace.
Neg: There is no one but wants peace.
14. Aff: Every building was destroyed.
Neg: There was no building but was destroyed.
Neg: There was no building but was destroyed.
15. Aff: All mothers love their children.
Neg: There is no mother who does not love her children.
Neg: There is no mother who does not love her children.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: Every mother loves her child.
Neg: No mother hates her child.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: বিপরীত শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Negative করা যায় যা বেশি স্ট্যান্ডার্ড এবং সুন্দর।)
Neg: No mother hates her child.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: বিপরীত শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Negative করা যায় যা বেশি স্ট্যান্ডার্ড এবং সুন্দর।)
17. Aff: Every man must die.
Neg: No man can escape death.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: die এর বিপরীত escape death বা avoid death দিয়ে করা যায়।)
Neg: No man can escape death.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: die এর বিপরীত escape death বা avoid death দিয়ে করা যায়।)
18. Aff: Everybody believes an honest man.
Neg: Nobody disbelieves an honest man.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Everybody -> Nobody এবং believes -> disbelieves).
Neg: Nobody disbelieves an honest man.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Everybody -> Nobody এবং believes -> disbelieves).
19. Aff: Every one of them was present.
Neg: None of them was absent.
(ব্যাখ্যা: বিপরীত শব্দ present -> absent).
Neg: None of them was absent.
(ব্যাখ্যা: বিপরীত শব্দ present -> absent).
20. Neg: All that glitters is not gold. (এটি নিজেই Negative)
Aff: Only some glittering things are gold.
Aff: Only some glittering things are gold.
21. Aff: Every light has its shadow.
Neg: There is no light without its shadow.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: ‘but has’ এর বদলে ‘without’ ব্যবহার করা যায়।)
Neg: There is no light without its shadow.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: ‘but has’ এর বদলে ‘without’ ব্যবহার করা যায়।)
22. Aff: All living things need water.
Neg: There is no living thing that does not need water.
Neg: There is no living thing that does not need water.
23. Aff: Every problem has a solution.
Neg: There is no problem without a solution.
Neg: There is no problem without a solution.
24. Aff: Everyone is liable to make mistakes.
Neg: There is no one but is liable to make mistakes.
Neg: There is no one but is liable to make mistakes.
25. Aff: Everybody fears death.
Neg: Who does not fear death?
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: Interrogative-Negative করেও অর্থ ঠিক রাখা যায়।)
Neg: Who does not fear death?
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: Interrogative-Negative করেও অর্থ ঠিক রাখা যায়।)
Rule 4: As soon as
নিয়ম: As soon as যুক্ত sentence কে Negative করতে হলে No sooner had … than ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: As soon as he saw the tiger, he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had he seen the tiger than he ran away.
Neg: No sooner had he seen the tiger than he ran away.
2. Aff: As soon as the teacher entered the class, the students stood up.
Neg: No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the students stood up.
Neg: No sooner had the teacher entered the class than the students stood up.
3. Aff: As soon as I reached the station, the train left.
Neg: No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
Neg: No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
4. Aff: As soon as it started raining, we went inside.
Neg: No sooner had it started raining than we went inside.
Neg: No sooner had it started raining than we went inside.
5. Aff: As soon as the bell rang, the exam ended.
Neg: No sooner had the bell rung than the exam ended.
Neg: No sooner had the bell rung than the exam ended.
6. Aff: As soon as he heard the news, he cried out.
Neg: No sooner had he heard the news than he cried out.
Neg: No sooner had he heard the news than he cried out.
7. Aff: As soon as she finished her work, she went to bed.
Neg: No sooner had she finished her work than she went to bed.
Neg: No sooner had she finished her work than she went to bed.
8. Aff: As soon as the sun rose, the fog dispersed.
Neg: No sooner had the sun risen than the fog dispersed.
Neg: No sooner had the sun risen than the fog dispersed.
9. Aff: As soon as they saw the police, the thieves fled.
Neg: No sooner had they seen the police than the thieves fled.
Neg: No sooner had they seen the police than the thieves fled.
10. Aff: As soon as the match started, the crowd cheered.
Neg: No sooner had the match started than the crowd cheered.
Neg: No sooner had the match started than the crowd cheered.
11. Aff: As soon as I closed my eyes, I fell asleep.
Neg: No sooner had I closed my eyes than I fell asleep.
Neg: No sooner had I closed my eyes than I fell asleep.
12. Aff: As soon as he got the message, he called me.
Neg: No sooner had he got the message than he called me.
Neg: No sooner had he got the message than he called me.
13. Aff: As soon as the door opened, the dog ran out.
Neg: No sooner had the door opened than the dog ran out.
Neg: No sooner had the door opened than the dog ran out.
14. Aff: As soon as she saw her mother, she smiled.
Neg: No sooner had she seen her mother than she smiled.
Neg: No sooner had she seen her mother than she smiled.
15. Aff: As soon as the storm stopped, we went outside.
Neg: No sooner had the storm stopped than we went outside.
Neg: No sooner had the storm stopped than we went outside.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: As soon as the president arrived, the national anthem was played.
Neg: No sooner had the president arrived than the national anthem was played.
Neg: No sooner had the president arrived than the national anthem was played.
17. Aff: The thief ran away as soon as he saw the police.
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
(ব্যাখ্যা: as soon as বাক্যের মাঝে থাকলেও no sooner had বাক্যের শুরুতেই আসবে।)
Neg: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.
(ব্যাখ্যা: as soon as বাক্যের মাঝে থাকলেও no sooner had বাক্যের শুরুতেই আসবে।)
18. Aff: He went out as soon as it stopped raining.
Neg: No sooner had it stopped raining than he went out.
Neg: No sooner had it stopped raining than he went out.
19. Aff: As soon as he awakens, he checks his phone.
Neg: No sooner does he awaken than he checks his phone.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি Present tense এ আছে, তাই had না বসে does বসেছে এবং V1 হয়েছে।)
Neg: No sooner does he awaken than he checks his phone.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: বাক্যটি Present tense এ আছে, তাই had না বসে does বসেছে এবং V1 হয়েছে।)
20. Aff: As soon as they arrive, the show will begin.
Neg: No sooner do they arrive than the show will begin.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Present/Future tense এর জন্য do/does বসে।)
Neg: No sooner do they arrive than the show will begin.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Present/Future tense এর জন্য do/does বসে।)
21. Aff: Just as I entered, he left.
Neg: No sooner had I entered than he left.
(ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Just as’ থাকলেও ‘As soon as’ এর নিয়ম ফলো করে।)
Neg: No sooner had I entered than he left.
(ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Just as’ থাকলেও ‘As soon as’ এর নিয়ম ফলো করে।)
22. Neg: Scarcely had he arrived when the bell rang.
Aff: As soon as he arrived, the bell rang.
Aff: As soon as he arrived, the bell rang.
23. Neg: Hardly had the play started when the power went out.
Aff: As soon as the play started, the power went out.
Aff: As soon as the play started, the power went out.
24. Aff: The moment he saw me, he smiled.
Neg: No sooner had he seen me than he smiled.
(ব্যাখ্যা: The moment = As soon as).
Neg: No sooner had he seen me than he smiled.
(ব্যাখ্যা: The moment = As soon as).
25. Aff: Immediately after she spoke, everyone clapped.
Neg: No sooner had she spoken than everyone clapped.
Neg: No sooner had she spoken than everyone clapped.
Rule 5: Always / Sometimes
নিয়ম: Always থাকলে Never + (বিপরীত শব্দ) বসে। Sometimes থাকলে Not always বসে।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: He is always late.
Neg: He is never punctual.
Neg: He is never punctual.
2. Aff: I always remember you.
Neg: I never forget you.
Neg: I never forget you.
3. Aff: She is always happy.
Neg: She is never sad.
Neg: She is never sad.
4. Aff: They always speak the truth.
Neg: They never tell a lie.
Neg: They never tell a lie.
5. Aff: He always agrees with me.
Neg: He never disagrees with me.
Neg: He never disagrees with me.
6. Aff: A patriot always loves his country.
Neg: A patriot never hates his country.
Neg: A patriot never hates his country.
7. Aff: We should always respect our elders.
Neg: We should never disrespect our elders.
Neg: We should never disrespect our elders.
8. Aff: The rich are sometimes happy.
Neg: The rich are not always happy.
Neg: The rich are not always happy.
9. Aff: He sometimes visits us.
Neg: He does not always visit us.
Neg: He does not always visit us.
10. Aff: My friend is sometimes foolish.
Neg: My friend is not always wise.
Neg: My friend is not always wise.
11. Aff: Always be honest.
Neg: Never be dishonest.
Neg: Never be dishonest.
12. Aff: I always accepted his offer.
Neg: I never rejected his offer.
Neg: I never rejected his offer.
13. Aff: He was always mindful of his duties.
Neg: He was never unmindful of his duties.
Neg: He was never unmindful of his duties.
14. Aff: The weather is sometimes cruel.
Neg: The weather is not always kind.
Neg: The weather is not always kind.
15. Aff: She always passes the exam.
Neg: She never fails the exam.
Neg: She never fails the exam.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: Day laborers are sometimes happy.
Neg: Day laborers are not always happy.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Sometimes থাকায় Not always বসেছে, বিপরীত শব্দ লাগবে না)।
Neg: Day laborers are not always happy.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Sometimes থাকায় Not always বসেছে, বিপরীত শব্দ লাগবে না)।
17. Aff: True love is always immortal.
Neg: True love is never mortal.
Neg: True love is never mortal.
18. Aff: I shall always cherish your memory.
Neg: I shall never forget your memory.
Neg: I shall never forget your memory.
19. Aff: He is always present in the meeting.
Neg: He is never absent from the meeting.
(ব্যাখ্যা: preposition ‘in’ পরিবর্তন হয়ে ‘from’ হয়েছে কারণ absent from হয়।)
Neg: He is never absent from the meeting.
(ব্যাখ্যা: preposition ‘in’ পরিবর্তন হয়ে ‘from’ হয়েছে কারণ absent from হয়।)
20. Aff: A good boy is always obedient.
Neg: A good boy is never disobedient.
Neg: A good boy is never disobedient.
21. Aff: Sometimes he makes mistakes.
Neg: He does not always make correct decisions.
(ব্যাখ্যা: অর্থের সৌন্দর্য রক্ষার্থে, direct word-to-word না করে sentence এর মিনিং ঠিক রাখা হয়েছে।)
Neg: He does not always make correct decisions.
(ব্যাখ্যা: অর্থের সৌন্দর্য রক্ষার্থে, direct word-to-word না করে sentence এর মিনিং ঠিক রাখা হয়েছে।)
22. Aff: Always speak well of others.
Neg: Never speak ill of others.
(ব্যাখ্যা: well এর বিপরীত ill).
Neg: Never speak ill of others.
(ব্যাখ্যা: well এর বিপরীত ill).
23. Aff: History always repeats itself.
Neg: History never fails to repeat itself.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: repeats এর সরাসরি বিপরীত ক্রিয়া না থাকায় ‘fails to’ ব্যবহার করে negative করা হয়েছে।)
Neg: History never fails to repeat itself.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: repeats এর সরাসরি বিপরীত ক্রিয়া না থাকায় ‘fails to’ ব্যবহার করে negative করা হয়েছে।)
24. Aff: The sun always sets in the west.
Neg: The sun never rises in the west.
Neg: The sun never rises in the west.
25. Aff: I am always doubtful about his success.
Neg: I am never sure about his success.
(ব্যাখ্যা: doubtful এর বিপরীত sure).
Neg: I am never sure about his success.
(ব্যাখ্যা: doubtful এর বিপরীত sure).
Rule 6: Both…and / And
নিয়ম: দুটি Noun/Adjective যুক্ত থাকলে Not only … but also বসে।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: Both Raju and Saju are good boys.
Neg: Not only Raju but also Saju are good boys.
Neg: Not only Raju but also Saju are good boys.
2. Aff: He is both honest and kind.
Neg: He is not only honest but also kind.
Neg: He is not only honest but also kind.
3. Aff: I like both tea and coffee.
Neg: I like not only tea but also coffee.
Neg: I like not only tea but also coffee.
4. Aff: She took both a pen and a pencil.
Neg: She took not only a pen but also a pencil.
Neg: She took not only a pen but also a pencil.
5. Aff: Both the teachers and students were present.
Neg: Not only the teachers but also the students were present.
Neg: Not only the teachers but also the students were present.
6. Aff: He ate apples and oranges.
Neg: He ate not only apples but also oranges.
Neg: He ate not only apples but also oranges.
7. Aff: The man is poor and helpless.
Neg: The man is not only poor but also helpless.
Neg: The man is not only poor but also helpless.
8. Aff: She bought a book and a bag.
Neg: She bought not only a book but also a bag.
Neg: She bought not only a book but also a bag.
9. Aff: He was both fined and imprisoned.
Neg: He was not only fined but also imprisoned.
Neg: He was not only fined but also imprisoned.
10. Aff: They play football and cricket.
Neg: They play not only football but also cricket.
Neg: They play not only football but also cricket.
11. Aff: Both Rahim and Karim will go there.
Neg: Not only Rahim but also Karim will go there.
Neg: Not only Rahim but also Karim will go there.
12. Aff: He is an actor and a director.
Neg: He is not only an actor but also a director.
Neg: He is not only an actor but also a director.
13. Aff: We need both time and money.
Neg: We need not only time but also money.
Neg: We need not only time but also money.
14. Aff: The house is both large and beautiful.
Neg: The house is not only large but also beautiful.
Neg: The house is not only large but also beautiful.
15. Aff: He gave me food and shelter.
Neg: He gave me not only food but also shelter.
Neg: He gave me not only food but also shelter.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: Besides giving me books, he gave me money.
Neg: He gave me not only books but also money.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: Besides … V+ing থাকলে Not only … but also দিয়ে Negative করতে হয়।)
Neg: He gave me not only books but also money.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: Besides … V+ing থাকলে Not only … but also দিয়ে Negative করতে হয়।)
17. Aff: As well as being clever, he is hard-working.
Neg: He is not only clever but also hard-working.
(ব্যাখ্যা: as well as এর ক্ষেত্রেও একই নিয়ম।)
Neg: He is not only clever but also hard-working.
(ব্যাখ্যা: as well as এর ক্ষেত্রেও একই নিয়ম।)
18. Aff: He is a writer as well as a philosopher.
Neg: He is not only a writer but also a philosopher.
Neg: He is not only a writer but also a philosopher.
19. Aff: She knows English as well as French.
Neg: She knows not only English but also French.
Neg: She knows not only English but also French.
20. Aff: He washed the car and polished it.
Neg: He not only washed the car but also polished it.
(ব্যাখ্যা: দুটি Verb কে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই Not only verb এর আগে বসেছে।)
Neg: He not only washed the car but also polished it.
(ব্যাখ্যা: দুটি Verb কে যুক্ত করেছে, তাই Not only verb এর আগে বসেছে।)
21. Aff: I saw a tiger and a lion in the zoo.
Neg: I saw not only a tiger but also a lion in the zoo.
Neg: I saw not only a tiger but also a lion in the zoo.
22. Aff: They destroyed the village as well as the forest.
Neg: They destroyed not only the village but also the forest.
Neg: They destroyed not only the village but also the forest.
23. Aff: Along with his friends, he went there.
Neg: Not only he but also his friends went there.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Along with থাকলেও subject দুটির সাথে not only…but also বসে।)
Neg: Not only he but also his friends went there.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Along with থাকলেও subject দুটির সাথে not only…but also বসে।)
24. Aff: He is obedient and gentle.
Neg: He is not only obedient but also gentle.
Neg: He is not only obedient but also gentle.
25. Aff: I need a phone and a laptop immediately.
Neg: I need not only a phone but also a laptop immediately.
Neg: I need not only a phone but also a laptop immediately.
Rule 7: Too…to
নিয়ম: Too এর জায়গায় So বসে এবং to এর জায়গায় that + Subject + cannot/could not বসে।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: He is too weak to walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
Neg: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
2. Aff: The man was too old to work.
Neg: The man was so old that he could not work.
Neg: The man was so old that he could not work.
3. Aff: I am too tired to speak.
Neg: I am so tired that I cannot speak.
Neg: I am so tired that I cannot speak.
4. Aff: The boy is too small to touch the roof.
Neg: The boy is so small that he cannot touch the roof.
Neg: The boy is so small that he cannot touch the roof.
5. Aff: She is too lazy to shine in life.
Neg: She is so lazy that she cannot shine in life.
Neg: She is so lazy that she cannot shine in life.
6. Aff: He spoke too fast to be understood.
Neg: He spoke so fast that he could not be understood.
Neg: He spoke so fast that he could not be understood.
7. Aff: The load is too heavy for me to carry.
Neg: The load is so heavy that I cannot carry it.
Neg: The load is so heavy that I cannot carry it.
8. Aff: The water was too cold for us to drink.
Neg: The water was so cold that we could not drink it.
Neg: The water was so cold that we could not drink it.
9. Aff: The problem was too difficult for him to solve.
Neg: The problem was so difficult that he could not solve it.
Neg: The problem was so difficult that he could not solve it.
10. Aff: She was too shocked to say a word.
Neg: She was so shocked that she could not say a word.
Neg: She was so shocked that she could not say a word.
11. Aff: He is too honest to take a bribe.
Neg: He is so honest that he cannot take a bribe.
Neg: He is so honest that he cannot take a bribe.
12. Aff: The box is too big for them to move.
Neg: The box is so big that they cannot move it.
Neg: The box is so big that they cannot move it.
13. Aff: The soup is too hot to eat.
Neg: The soup is so hot that it cannot be eaten.
Neg: The soup is so hot that it cannot be eaten.
14. Aff: He is too proud to beg.
Neg: He is so proud that he cannot beg.
Neg: He is so proud that he cannot beg.
15. Aff: It is too good to be true.
Neg: It is so good that it cannot be true.
Neg: It is so good that it cannot be true.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: The sum was too hard for the boy to work out.
Neg: The sum was so hard that the boy could not work it out.
(ব্যাখ্যা: for the boy থাকলে subject হিসেবে the boy বসে এবং শেষে it যুক্ত হয়)।
Neg: The sum was so hard that the boy could not work it out.
(ব্যাখ্যা: for the boy থাকলে subject হিসেবে the boy বসে এবং শেষে it যুক্ত হয়)।
17. Aff: He is strong enough to carry the bag.
Neg: He is not so weak that he cannot carry the bag.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: enough to থাকলে বিপরীত শব্দ বসিয়ে not so…that দিয়ে করতে হয়।)
Neg: He is not so weak that he cannot carry the bag.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: enough to থাকলে বিপরীত শব্দ বসিয়ে not so…that দিয়ে করতে হয়।)
18. Aff: She is intelligent enough to understand it.
Neg: She is not so foolish that she cannot understand it.
Neg: She is not so foolish that she cannot understand it.
19. Aff: He walked too slowly to catch the train.
Neg: He walked so slowly that he could not catch the train.
Neg: He walked so slowly that he could not catch the train.
20. Aff: The night is too dark for us to go out.
Neg: The night is so dark that we cannot go out.
Neg: The night is so dark that we cannot go out.
21. Aff: He is too short to reach the shelf.
Neg: He is so short that he cannot reach the shelf.
Neg: He is so short that he cannot reach the shelf.
22. Aff: The tea is too hot for me to sip.
Neg: The tea is so hot that I cannot sip it.
Neg: The tea is so hot that I cannot sip it.
23. Aff: He is too foolish to realize his mistake.
Neg: He is so foolish that he cannot realize his mistake.
Neg: He is so foolish that he cannot realize his mistake.
24. Aff: The news is too tragic to tell.
Neg: The news is so tragic that it cannot be told.
(ব্যাখ্যা: বস্তুবাচক Subject তাই cannot be told)।
Neg: The news is so tragic that it cannot be told.
(ব্যাখ্যা: বস্তুবাচক Subject তাই cannot be told)।
25. Aff: I was too busy to answer your call.
Neg: I was so busy that I could not answer your call.
Neg: I was so busy that I could not answer your call.
Rule 8: Degree Change
নিয়ম: As…as থাকলে Not less…than বসে। Comparative বা Superlative থেকে Positive Degree তে আনলে তা Negative হয়ে যায়।
(বিস্তারিত জানতে আমাদের Degree Change গাইডটি পড়ুন)
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: Rahim is as wise as Karim.
Neg: Rahim is not less wise than Karim.
Neg: Rahim is not less wise than Karim.
2. Aff: She is as beautiful as her sister.
Neg: She is not less beautiful than her sister.
Neg: She is not less beautiful than her sister.
3. Aff: He is as strong as a lion.
Neg: He is not less strong than a lion.
Neg: He is not less strong than a lion.
4. Aff: You are as good as him.
Neg: You are not less good than him.
Neg: You are not less good than him.
5. Aff: The pen is as fine as that.
Neg: The pen is not less fine than that.
Neg: The pen is not less fine than that.
6. Aff: Dhaka is as busy as Mumbai.
Neg: Dhaka is not less busy than Mumbai.
Neg: Dhaka is not less busy than Mumbai.
7. Aff: He is as tall as I.
Neg: He is not less tall than I.
Neg: He is not less tall than I.
8. Aff: Gold is as valuable as diamond.
Neg: Gold is not less valuable than diamond.
Neg: Gold is not less valuable than diamond.
9. Aff: He is taller than I.
Neg: I am not as tall as he.
Neg: I am not as tall as he.
10. Aff: A plane flies faster than a bird.
Neg: A bird does not fly as fast as a plane.
Neg: A bird does not fly as fast as a plane.
11. Aff: He is the best boy in the class.
Neg: No other boy in the class is as good as he.
Neg: No other boy in the class is as good as he.
12. Aff: Iron is the most useful metal.
Neg: No other metal is as useful as iron.
Neg: No other metal is as useful as iron.
13. Aff: Mount Everest is the highest peak.
Neg: No other peak is as high as Mount Everest.
Neg: No other peak is as high as Mount Everest.
14. Aff: She is more brilliant than her brother.
Neg: Her brother is not as brilliant as she.
Neg: Her brother is not as brilliant as she.
15. Aff: The tiger is stronger than the deer.
Neg: The deer is not as strong as the tiger.
Neg: The deer is not as strong as the tiger.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: Rahim is less wise than Karim.
Neg: Rahim is not as wise as Karim.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Less wise than নিজেই Affirmative অর্থ দেয়, তাই Negative করতে not as wise as বসে।)
Neg: Rahim is not as wise as Karim.
(ব্যাখ্যা: Less wise than নিজেই Affirmative অর্থ দেয়, তাই Negative করতে not as wise as বসে।)
17. Aff: He is one of the best players.
Neg: Very few players are as good as he.
(ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Very few’ নিজেই একটি Negative/semi-negative শব্দ)।
Neg: Very few players are as good as he.
(ব্যাখ্যা: ‘Very few’ নিজেই একটি Negative/semi-negative শব্দ)।
18. Aff: I am as old as you.
Neg: I am not younger than you.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: not less old এর বদলে not younger বসানো আরও সুন্দর।)
Neg: I am not younger than you.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: not less old এর বদলে not younger বসানো আরও সুন্দর।)
19. Aff: A fox is as cunning as a jackal.
Neg: A fox is not less cunning than a jackal.
Neg: A fox is not less cunning than a jackal.
20. Aff: He earns more than I do.
Neg: I do not earn as much as he does.
Neg: I do not earn as much as he does.
21. Aff: This tree is older than that one.
Neg: That tree is not as old as this one.
Neg: That tree is not as old as this one.
22. Aff: Shakespeare is the greatest playwright.
Neg: No other playwright is as great as Shakespeare.
Neg: No other playwright is as great as Shakespeare.
23. Aff: She typed as fast as a professional.
Neg: She typed not less fast than a professional.
Neg: She typed not less fast than a professional.
24. Aff: Platinum is more precious than gold.
Neg: Gold is not as precious as platinum.
Neg: Gold is not as precious as platinum.
25. Aff: He played better than anyone else.
Neg: No one else played as well as he.
Neg: No one else played as well as he.
Rule 9: Opposite Words
নিয়ম: Auxiliary Verb-এর পর Not বসে এবং মূল Adjective বা Verb-এর বিপরীত শব্দ বসে।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: He is a good man.
Neg: He is not a bad man.
Neg: He is not a bad man.
2. Aff: She is beautiful.
Neg: She is not ugly.
Neg: She is not ugly.
3. Aff: I am happy.
Neg: I am not sad.
Neg: I am not sad.
4. Aff: The knife is sharp.
Neg: The knife is not blunt.
Neg: The knife is not blunt.
5. Aff: The man is honest.
Neg: The man is not dishonest.
Neg: The man is not dishonest.
6. Aff: He is an active member.
Neg: He is not an inactive member.
Neg: He is not an inactive member.
7. Aff: I remember you.
Neg: I do not forget you.
Neg: I do not forget you.
8. Aff: This is an easy task.
Neg: This is not a difficult task.
Neg: This is not a difficult task.
9. Aff: We should love our country.
Neg: We should not hate our country.
Neg: We should not hate our country.
10. Aff: He agreed with me.
Neg: He did not disagree with me.
Neg: He did not disagree with me.
11. Aff: The water is pure.
Neg: The water is not impure.
Neg: The water is not impure.
12. Aff: The glass is full.
Neg: The glass is not empty.
Neg: The glass is not empty.
13. Aff: He is a rich man.
Neg: He is not a poor man.
Neg: He is not a poor man.
14. Aff: She was present in the meeting.
Neg: She was not absent from the meeting.
Neg: She was not absent from the meeting.
15. Aff: The decision was right.
Neg: The decision was not wrong.
Neg: The decision was not wrong.
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: He loves his parents.
Neg: He is not without love for his parents.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: ‘loves’ এর বিপরীত ‘hates’ দিলে অর্থ খারাপ শোনায়, তাই ‘not without’ ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।)
Neg: He is not without love for his parents.
(ব্যতিক্রমী ব্যাখ্যা: ‘loves’ এর বিপরীত ‘hates’ দিলে অর্থ খারাপ শোনায়, তাই ‘not without’ ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।)
17. Aff: I doubt if he will come.
Neg: I am not sure if he will come.
(ব্যাখ্যা: doubt এর বিপরীত not sure).
Neg: I am not sure if he will come.
(ব্যাখ্যা: doubt এর বিপরীত not sure).
18. Aff: He tried every plan.
Neg: He left no plan untried.
(ব্যাখ্যা: every -> no এবং tried -> untried).
Neg: He left no plan untried.
(ব্যাখ্যা: every -> no এবং tried -> untried).
19. Aff: It is a hard nut to crack.
Neg: It is not an easy nut to crack.
(ব্যাখ্যা: hard nut to crack একটি phrase যার অর্থ কঠিন কাজ।)
Neg: It is not an easy nut to crack.
(ব্যাখ্যা: hard nut to crack একটি phrase যার অর্থ কঠিন কাজ।)
20. Aff: Where there is a will, there is a way.
Neg: There is no way without a will.
Neg: There is no way without a will.
21. Aff: He is my friend.
Neg: He is not my enemy.
Neg: He is not my enemy.
22. Aff: The weather is hot today.
Neg: The weather is not cold today.
Neg: The weather is not cold today.
23. Aff: She is always willing to help.
Neg: She is never unwilling to help.
Neg: She is never unwilling to help.
24. Aff: The boy is literate.
Neg: The boy is not illiterate.
Neg: The boy is not illiterate.
25. Aff: This is possible.
Neg: This is not impossible.
Neg: This is not impossible.
Rule 10: Many / Much
নিয়ম: Many থাকলে Not a few, Much থাকলে Not a little বসে। যেসব বাক্যের সরাসরি বিপরীত শব্দ নেই, সেগুলোকে Interrogative-Negative করতে হয়।
উদাহরণসমূহ (২৫টি):
1. Aff: I have many friends.
Neg: I do not have a few friends.
Neg: I do not have a few friends.
2. Aff: He has a few books.
Neg: He does not have many books.
Neg: He does not have many books.
3. Aff: There is much water in the pond.
Neg: There is not a little water in the pond.
Neg: There is not a little water in the pond.
4. Aff: I need a little milk.
Neg: I do not need much milk.
Neg: I do not need much milk.
5. Aff: He bought many apples.
Neg: He did not buy a few apples.
Neg: He did not buy a few apples.
6. Aff: She gave me a little hope.
Neg: She did not give me much hope.
Neg: She did not give me much hope.
7. Aff: They spent much time there.
Neg: They did not spend a little time there.
Neg: They did not spend a little time there.
8. Aff: A few students were present.
Neg: Not many students were present.
Neg: Not many students were present.
9. Aff: There are many stars in the sky.
Neg: There are not a few stars in the sky.
Neg: There are not a few stars in the sky.
10. Aff: He has much money.
Neg: He does not have a little money.
Neg: He does not have a little money.
11. Aff: He is a doctor.
Neg: Isn’t he a doctor?
(ব্যাখ্যা: Doctor এর বিপরীত শব্দ নেই, তাই Interrogative-Negative করা হয়েছে।)
Neg: Isn’t he a doctor?
(ব্যাখ্যা: Doctor এর বিপরীত শব্দ নেই, তাই Interrogative-Negative করা হয়েছে।)
12. Aff: Birds fly.
Neg: Don’t birds fly?
Neg: Don’t birds fly?
13. Aff: The earth is round.
Neg: Isn’t the earth round?
(ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য বাক্যকে Negative করতে হলে Interrogative-Negative করতে হয়)।
Neg: Isn’t the earth round?
(ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য বাক্যকে Negative করতে হলে Interrogative-Negative করতে হয়)।
14. Aff: The sun rises in the east.
Neg: Doesn’t the sun rise in the east?
Neg: Doesn’t the sun rise in the east?
15. Aff: Honesty is the best policy.
Neg: Isn’t honesty the best policy?
Neg: Isn’t honesty the best policy?
Hard & Exceptional:
16. Aff: Milk is white.
Neg: Isn’t milk white?
(ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য এবং white এর সরাসরি বিপরীত রঙ নেই যা অর্থ ঠিক রাখবে। তাই প্রশ্নবোধক-নাবোধক ফরম্যাট।)
Neg: Isn’t milk white?
(ব্যাখ্যা: চিরন্তন সত্য এবং white এর সরাসরি বিপরীত রঙ নেই যা অর্থ ঠিক রাখবে। তাই প্রশ্নবোধক-নাবোধক ফরম্যাট।)
17. Aff: Man is mortal.
Neg: Man is not immortal.
(ব্যাখ্যা: এটি সাধারণ বিপরীত শব্দের নিয়মেই হয়, চিরন্তন সত্য হলেও এর বিপরীত শব্দ আছে।)
Neg: Man is not immortal.
(ব্যাখ্যা: এটি সাধারণ বিপরীত শব্দের নিয়মেই হয়, চিরন্তন সত্য হলেও এর বিপরীত শব্দ আছে।)
18. Aff: He knows swimming.
Neg: Doesn’t he know swimming?
(ব্যতিক্রম: know এর বিপরীত দিয়ে অর্থ ঠিক রাখা কঠিন)।
Neg: Doesn’t he know swimming?
(ব্যতিক্রম: know এর বিপরীত দিয়ে অর্থ ঠিক রাখা কঠিন)।
19. Aff: We read to learn.
Neg: Don’t we read to learn?
Neg: Don’t we read to learn?
20. Aff: Akbar was a great king.
Neg: Wasn’t Akbar a great king?
Neg: Wasn’t Akbar a great king?
21. Aff: Ice floats on water.
Neg: Doesn’t ice float on water?
Neg: Doesn’t ice float on water?
22. Aff: He comes here on Sundays.
Neg: Doesn’t he come here on Sundays?
Neg: Doesn’t he come here on Sundays?
23. Aff: I had much trouble.
Neg: I did not have a little trouble.
Neg: I did not have a little trouble.
24. Aff: Only a few men are truly happy.
Neg: Not many men are truly happy.
Neg: Not many men are truly happy.
25. Neg: Water has no color.
Aff: Water is colorless.
Aff: Water is colorless.
Negative to Affirmative Rules
Negative to Affirmative করা খুবই সহজ! উপরে আমরা Affirmative থেকে Negative করার যে নিয়মগুলো শিখলাম, সেগুলোকে ঠিক উল্টোভাবে প্রয়োগ করলেই কাজ শেষ।
যেমন:
- বাক্যে None but থাকলে তা তুলে দিয়ে বাক্যের শুরুতে Only বসান।
- There is no…but থাকলে তা তুলে দিয়ে Every বসান।
- No sooner had…than থাকলে তা তুলে দিয়ে As soon as বসান।
Transformation of Sentence for SSC & HSC
SSC, HSC এবং Degree পরীক্ষার্থীদের জন্য নিচে কিছু গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Transformation of Sentence প্র্যাকটিস দেওয়া হলো:
Practice Yourself:
- Only Rahim was absent.
- He is too weak to run.
- Every student loves games.
- As soon as the bell rang, the teacher entered.
- Man is mortal.
Answers:
- None but Rahim was absent.
- He is so weak that he cannot run.
- There is no student but loves games.
- No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher entered.
- Man is not immortal.
Need more grammar? Check out our guides on: Voice Change, Narration, Right Forms of Verbs
Common Mistakes
Sentence Transformation-এর সময় শিক্ষার্থীরা সচরাচর যে ভুলগুলো করে:
- অর্থ পরিবর্তন করে ফেলা: Negative করার সময় অবশ্যই খেয়াল রাখতে হবে যেন মূল বাক্যের অর্থ ঠিক থাকে।
- Tense ভুল করা:
As soon asএর বাক্যে past tense থাকলেNo sooner hadএর পর অবশ্যই Verb এর 3rd form (V3) বসাতে হবে। - Question Mark (?) না দেওয়া: Interrogative-Negative (যেমন: Isn’t the earth round?) করার সময় বাক্যের শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন না দিলে নম্বর কাটা যাবে।
Transformation of Sentence PDF
অনেকেই অফলাইনে পড়ার জন্য Transformation of Sentence PDF খুঁজে থাকেন। আমাদের এই সম্পূর্ণ গাইডটি আপনি চাইলে পিডিএফ আকারে সেভ করে রাখতে পারেন। আপনার ব্রাউজার থেকে Ctrl + P (বা মোবাইলে Print অপশন) চেপে খুব সহজেই এটি PDF হিসেবে Save করতে পারবেন।
❓ Important FAQs
What is transformation of sentence?
Transformation of sentence means changing the form of a sentence without changing its meaning. It is a key topic in English Grammar.
How to change affirmative into negative?
Affirmative sentences can be changed into negative using opposite words, structure changes like ‘no sooner’, ‘none but’, ‘cannot but’, etc.
What is the rule of only in transformation?
If “only” indicates a person, use “none but” at the beginning. If it indicates a thing, use “nothing but”. For age or numbers, use “not more than”.
What is the shortcut for affirmative to negative?
Using opposite words combined with auxiliary verbs and fixed structures (like Too…to = So…that) is the easiest shortcut technique.
Conclusion
এই Transformation of Sentence গাইডটি SSC, HSC, Degree এবং Honours শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। বিশেষ করে Affirmative to Negative rules ও Negative to Affirmative examples পরীক্ষার জন্য খুবই কমন। নিয়মগুলো নিয়মিত প্র্যাকটিস করলে ইংরেজিতে ভালো নম্বর নিশ্চিত!
